Gundus,
Here's how I approach it.
Firstly: everything ties back to the identification of the roll of exposed film, which is normally the Year that the roll was shot, and the sequence number of the exposed roll. For example: the first roll of film that I shot in 2012 would be identified as 2012_01. To that information I would normally add additional information such as Film Type, a brief description of what was on the roll, scanner model and data relating to settings. When I am ready to edit it (if I edit it) I would add additional descriptive terminology such as "Mastercopy_wEditIP" That folder, or image file; would be linked to a Directory that I would also create that would contain all of the scanned rolls for that year.
Above is the basic approach. What I also do is seperate out image-files that I want to apply additional editing too. Once I have adjusted these I would then note that in the file description - something like "CTUS" in my world stands for "Clean, Touch-up and Sharpen". I also seperate out in unique files anything that I have uploaded to On-Line Site such as DPUG.
The Key to all this is to be able to find the image, or images that you want to look at or work on.
Good Luck,
George