The only ophthalmology camera I'm familiar with is the Minolta XD-11 (and variant XD-s) MEDICAL model. It looks exactly the same as the regular model, but is marked "MEDICAL" on the front. The difference is that it is set for flash use only -- much like the Yashica "Dental" models. The shutter speed ring is fixed to its only engraved setting -- "X". The mode selector is fixed to "M" (not denoted), and there's no ASA setting wheel or exposure compensation and no viewfinder readout, either. The exposure is determined by the flash (power & distance), and aperture of the "lens".
These were popular with eye doctors -- and probably others too -- but apparently hard-to-find.
Medical/Scientific cameras usually have there limits for regular use. For example, the Minolta and Olympus Pen F/FT Medical cameras had special focusing screens for close-up use. And some, like the Minolta and Yashica can only be used with FLASH (or the single synch speed).
All this probably means that most ended up in the trash as there is little general consumer use for them -- except for collectors or for parts.