Aperture control on Nikon lenses* is by a lever that protrudes into the camera body.
That lever is spring-loaded, pulling it into the closed (smallest aperture) position
With the lens off the camera, you can move that lever to see what it does.
A lever in the camera body holds the lens lever in the full-open position for metering.
The body lever can assume any position in its range, thus setting the lens aperture.
During exposure, the body lever moves, allowing the aperture to close.
The closure is limited by the positions of the body lever AND the aperture ring setting.
It cannot go any smaller than the f/stop setting on the aperture ring.
The minimum-aperture mechanical lock just guarantees that the aperture ring is in the fully closed position so the camera can use the full range of apertures.
- Leigh
*Note this description applies only to REAL Nikon lenses, not the G lenses.