Unfortunately, this is not the problem. And actually, the shutter release is not actually "locked". The issue is that the "resting" position (the position after the shutter has been cocked) for the gear in the bottom camera now does not line up with the small hole that allows the shutter release pin to pass through. So, when the shutter is cocked, the shutter release is blocked with the solid gear, rather than being able to pass through the small hole in the gear that it is supposed to. When the gear is lined up so that the position of the hole corresponds with the location of the release pin, the shutter release can be depressed. However, because this is in the middle of the winding cycle, the shutter has not been fully cocked and the shutter will not fire.
So, it seems as if the whole mechanism got out of line with itself somehow. I do not have a clue how I would remedy this. And, all of this still does not explain the fact that the film advance is firing the shutter and the film advance does not stop. I wind the advance lever, shutter fires. I wind the advance lever, shutter fires. Etc.