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Mirror Lock Up for 35mm cameras is required for maximum sharpness

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gealto2

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43 years ago I had a Pentax 6x7 that had a mirror slap strong enough destroy sharpness on a tripod most of the time. I had always wondered why my photos were less than critically sharp. Surprise. The dreaded mirror slap that was designed out of later models of that camera by adding a mirror lock up. Many medium format photographers know to use mirror lock ups on their cameras when available, but how about 35mm? How many of those have that? My minolta srt-101 has that, but how many other cameras? This feature was designed out of all Minolta 35mm cameras after the early 70's, but why? I've always though the feature was very important, due my early Pentax 6x7 debacle. Confusion reigns supreme on this.

In my photography, I mostly use my SRT-101 on a tripod with a Tamron 28-200 zoom at f11 for b+w woodland photography using a yellow or orange filter with 100 speed film. In the woodland in the summer, it's quite dark, often at sunny 16-5 or 6 stops. My shutter speed are typically 1/15 to 1 second at f11. The long Tamron zoom is quite sharp at f11 and gives good depth of focus there. Medium speed film is needed for me to achieve my quality standard of having a slight amount of grain in an 11x14. I also devekio the film for moderate acutance rather than low grain, which increases the sharpness and apparent grain. I've always used the mirror lock up for shots using 100-200mm, but recently discovered that it improves my sharpness all the time. This is after reviewing my work over the last two years. It makes a fair difference.

Even though I am 75 now, I'm always learning new things, and this is one of them. But yet, mirror lock ups for 35mm SLR's are a rarity, likely because everybody thinks they have to go hand held with fast film. No, you don't. I also use a right angle finder adapter with a 2x focusing magnifier, also a huge help. Why not get a view camera? I already have two and am still building one from scratch, but don't use often due to weight and time. While trees hold still in the woodland, the light patterns are constantly changing, and often very quickly. Holes between leaves in the forst canopy move across the ground quickly enough that speed is needed to catch them. Why not get a medium format? Been there, done that, but also too heavy and slow when the bag full of lenses are included.

With my setup, I'm in compositional utopia. The long zoom lets me find all compositions fairly quickly while the tripod holds the camera and lens securely so I can carefully adjust the composition in 3-dimensional space. The compositional aid a tripod provides is rarely addressed. I also use a universal L-bracket bought on Amazon for about 10 bucks intended for digital cameras that works great for 35mm SLR's that gives quick change from horizontal to vertical format with much better balanced vertical orientation.

I'm sharing my nirvana as food for thought.
 

loccdor

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The alternative is to use an ND filter to get you 10+ second exposures, the vibration from mirror slap usually only lasts a second or two even on poor tripods.
 

Paul Howell

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How many of those have that? My minolta srt-101 has that, but how many other cameras? This feature was designed out of all Minolta 35mm cameras after the early 70's, but why? I've always though the feature was very important, due my early Pentax 6x7 debacle. Confusion reigns supreme on this.

I have a 101 with Mirror lock up and 202 without, I have not noticed any difference in sharpness between the 2, same with Konica T3 and T4. I think the mirror damping improved to the point that designers thought it not needed. Odd duck is the Sigma SA 7 and 9 late model auto focus bodies has mirror lock up and is easy to use. Too bad they both suffer from the orange glow of death.
 

loccdor

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When they designed the Canon T90 (1986) they considered adding the feature but decided the mirror was sufficiently damped. Some people disagreed. In the end it was probably partially about money and how many things they could fit into the camera. The camera is very full-featured otherwise.

My Canon EOS Elan 7E from 2000 has the feature. It can be used in conjunction with the self timer for a single button press per shot.
 

GregY

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My experience with the Pentax 67 was that the focal plane shutter was as much a cause of movement as the mirror.... the upside is that i sold out and started using a 5x7" camera.
 

mcfitz

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According to the SRT manual the mirror lock up was to allow the 21mm lens to perform.

IMG_0602.jpeg
 

wiltw

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How many of those have that? My minolta srt-101 has that, but how many other cameras? This feature was designed out of all Minolta 35mm cameras after the early 70's, but why? I've always though the feature was very important, due my early Pentax 6x7 debacle. Confusion reigns supreme on this.

I have a 101 with Mirror lock up and 202 without, I have not noticed any difference in sharpness between the 2, same with Konica T3 and T4. I think the mirror damping improved to the point that designers thought it not needed. Odd duck is the Sigma SA 7 and 9 late model auto focus bodies has mirror lock up and is easy to use. Too bad they both suffer from the orange glow of death.
Manufacturers were trying to reduce their cost by elimination of features, so mirror lockup went away as a standard features except in higher end models. The de-featuring continued until manufacturers discovered that users demanded some things not disappear.
The same feature elimination trend continued into digital cameras as well, such as the Canon nnD modelseliminating features and getting downgraded by Cann\on from 'prosumer' to more 'amateur' in UI.
 

xkaes

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That is partly why Minolta removed the mirror lock-up. First, not all SRT 101 cameras have it. It was added to the cameras in 1962 when they introduced the SR-7 and the 21mm f4 non-retro-focus lens which needed it. By the time of the third version of the SRT 101 was introduced in 1971, Minolta was already selling 20mm f2.8 retro-focus lenses so it was dropped from the SRT 101, as well as the SRT 102 in 1974. It did not appear in the SRT 2XX models, or the XE cameras -- which had a shock absorber built in to deal with it. However, all the XK/XM/X-1 models retained the mirror lock-up until the end of their production around 1979.

Oddly enough, some of the Sony DSLR cameras (with Minolta guts) retain a limited mirror lock up where you can have the camera lift the mirror two seconds before the exposure, or with a cable release lift the mirror and then open the shutter whenever you want. I use this feature all the time with macro shots at 1X or higher where mirror shake is likely.
 
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pentaxuser

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My Pentax 645N doesn't even have a mirror lock-up, claiming that it is well enough damped. Marketing talk to make a silk purse out of a sow's ear? The P645N II does but I haven't seen much in the way of this being a vital feature
I have never noticed a problem but this may be because the shots I take do not lend themselves to the manifestation of mirror slap or I am easily pleased

pentaxuser
 
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The MLU function on the Pentax 67 is not there for window-dressing. It is essential to separate this camera's shutter inertia and mirror bump, and works very well. It is no big deal that once MLU is tripped on the 67, one is committed to an exposure, as it cannot be released unless the shutter is tripped (to mention, it is also a high battery drain function). MLU is used on every one of my exposures tripod-mounted (the camera is never used hand-held).

Of 35mm, I rarely use it on the big, heavy and oh-so-quiet EOS1N with the power drive booster E1 – the exposure is over and done with very smoothly and quickly. Compared to the 67, the EOS1n uses virtually no power when mirror lock-up is tripped, and is also able to be disengaged without having to fire the shutter.

I do not know about other 35mm cameras, but MLU would be a strong recommendation if are using a tele lens, and even so, with the camera tripod-mounted. Otherwise, anything from 16mm to 150mm will not require MLU for fast-Tv, hand-held shots.

The takeaway is to consider MLU a component of refined technique that will, with practice and observation, guarantee the best results, especially if you are printing very large when the effects of blur will be all too obvious.
.
 
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That is partly why Minolta removed the mirror lock-up. First, not all SRT 101 c

The SRT101b was the very first SLR gifted to me in 1977. One of two, it had made, I think, four trips around the world in a few years, when such an undertaking meant multiple flights and many days in the air (back when PanAm was pretty much the go-to between Australia and Europe, with one way journeys about 4 days!).
 

MattKing

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FWIW, while 35mm cameras certainly can and do give great results if used on a tripod, if you were a camera manufacturer, you probably are aiming your product mostly toward people who will use it handheld.
So if mirror lock up is included in the feature set, it is most likely because the camera is part of a system that has a bunch of accessories for things like lab work and micro/macro photography or astrophotography.
 
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As hinted above, mirror lock up achieves two different purposes: reducing vibration during exposure, and allowing 'invasive' lenses (typically ultrawides/fisheyes based on earlier rangefinder designs) to locate their rear elements closer to the film plane.

Need for the latter has basically gone away over time... lens designers figured out how to make ultrawides that worked with SLR mirror boxes. Manufacturers kept mirror lock up a feature on pro level SLRs for the relatively small number of pros who still had and used specialist super-fisheyes. Not too many advanced amateurs were trying to mount 6mm lenses to their cameras, obviously.

In terms of minimising vibration... by the mid-late 1970s camera designers were getting better at counterbalancing and air dampening mirror mechanisms. But no matter how you swing it (pun fully intended) a 6x7 mirror is a helluva chunk of glass to move around in a fraction of a second, and there's only so much you can do to minimise vibrations. Even in a heavy, solid metal body like the Pentax or an RB67. I use MLU on my RB whenever possible, though truthfully it doesn't suffer much the times I don't... a lot less so than when handholding shots.

Most relatively modern 35mm SLRs suffer much less from mirror shock, in my experience, though naturally if you're chasing maximum quality with landscape or macro work, you pull out all the stops you can. The combination of mirror lockup and self timer on semi-pro bodies like the Nikon FM/FE onwards - ostensibly Nikon trying to make a smaller body while also saving costs - made a tonne of sense for anything tripod based, simple, effective and quicker to implement. Especially if you forgot your cable release - your big ol' shutter finger is generally far worse at inducing vibration.

All that said, I found over the years that unstable/shaky tripods, wind and static subjects that aren't quite static are usually way more problematic than minor vibrations inside my camera.
 

Autonerd

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My Pentax KX has a MLU, and I think the K2 and MX do as well. My Ricoh K-mount cameras (KR-10, XR-2s -- actually I have the Sears verisons) integrate the MLU with the self-timer, which I always thought was a nifty idea. I don't think any of my AF cameras have MLU; I guess they felt they had mirror damping down pat by that time.
 
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Those of us who go back four+ decades remember clearly the stir that the Olympus OM4 and its snazzy black, silver and titanium variants caused when it hit the market. Bells and whistles, novel-for-its-time shadow and highlight measurement, trademark small size and...

What!? No mirror lock-up!?

I was using a (none-too-superb optically) 400mm CAT lens on that camera (imagine, the lens was 4x the size of the dimunitive OM4! ). MLU seemed quite the oversight for those of use in the slow and studious landscape and bird watching genre using big Tamron or OM system lenses – not so useful for sports and reportage with the attendant motor drive.

As comments above illustrate, Olympus included MLU on some models, and curiously, not at all on others. It's glaring absence in the OM4 flagship was as puzzling then as it still is today.
 

koraks

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I think there's a big difference between the relatively clunky 1970s cameras and the more modern 1990s ones like the EOS series. The latter don't benefit nearly as much from MLU as the older ones with their KA-CHUNK! mirrors.

Most relatively modern 35mm SLRs suffer much less from mirror shock
Precisely. What you said about counterbalancing and dampening also strikes true with me. Not to mention that I expect that the moving part of a mirror assembly of let's say an EOS 3 likely just has less sheer mass than the average mirror from a 1970s SLR. Lighter-weight materials contribute to less shake, evidently.

Btw, on cameras like the SRT101 and many (most) conceptually similar ones, the cable release is a liability due to its mechanical linkage. Again, the later 1990s electronic releases have the edge since there are no moving parts around the camera itself. We can fuss about MLU all we want, but with these older cameras, it just makes much more of a difference how you operate the cable release - too briskly, and you can MLU all you want, but it's not going to help.
 

IMoL

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My Nikkormats have both true mirror lockup via a switch and also the automatic mirror-up when you use the self-timer.

My biggest gripe with Nikkormats is that you can't cancel the self-timer... if you set it accidentally, you're using it on the next shot whether you like it or not!
 

Ian C

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The 35 mm cameras that I own that use the Copal SQ shutter have a self-timer sequence that simultaneously closes the aperture to its pre-set value and snaps the mirror up into shooting position when the shutter release is triggered. At the end of the timer sequence, usually about 10 seconds, the shutter fires and the mirror and aperture return to their normal positions.

In this way, the mirror has been in the up position for 10 seconds allowing for all mirror vibration to cease before the exposure is made. You don’t get to choose the precise moment of exposure, but for practical purposes, you have automatic “Mirror Lockup” when using the self-timer with these cameras.

This is the case with the Nikon EL2, FE, FE2, FM, FM2, FM2N, FA, Argus/Cosina STL-1000, and other cameras that use this shutter.
 

Cholentpot

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Googling it brings up an AI that says

The Minolta 9xi doesn't have a dedicated "Mirror Lockup" button like some other cameras; instead, you activate mirror lockup by using the 2-second self-timer in conjunction with pressing the shutter button, which lifts the mirror, waits for it to settle, and then fires the shutter to prevent vibration, ideal for long exposures or astrophotography to ensure maximum sharpness.

I don't have one but I'd test before loading with film.
 
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