From your very detailed descriptions it does indeed sound like a defective part.
Have you tried contacting Mamiya directly? Perhaps they have a few replacements hidden away in dusty boxes in a corner of their warehouse. Or if they disposed of all previous TLR stock, maybe they can tell you who purchased it? Perhaps an independent repair service?
Calumet hung on to parts for their Monster/Beast 8x10 cameras for years and years. They didn't advertise that. You had to call and ask. But if you did and they still had it, they'd sell it to you for a fair price.
[Edit: Or take a look at
this auction on eBay. It's for a large lot of various Mamiya camera parts. Do the zoom thing on the second (or third) photo. Look in the far upper right corner. Are those C-series focusing knobs in the plastic bag? If so and they are C330 knobs, perhaps the seller might be willing to break them out for you? (Note that I have no connection whatsoever with this seller. I just searched on the term
Mamiya C330 parts.)]
Ken