Is this at the start or end of the roll, or just random? The only things that are affected by opening the back are the film counter reset (upper right of the back - the 120 one is a brass shim in the light trap, the 220 one (if the camera has it) is closer to the outer edge of the camera and matches a big chrome stud on the 220 back), and the film counter wheel mechanism, which is the pivoted gear that runs on the back of the film under the take-up spool
The C33 has a fixed pressure plate - you change the back for 220 - so unless you have damaged it somehow that should not be the issue.
Does the frame counter reset to zero with the back open? Is the take-up spool seating correctly, and is the film winding tightly?
Is the film transport tracking gear still sprung? It should be pushed down as the spool takes up the film and backing paper, and spring back when the full spool is removed.
Since the advance is stopping early, then we can rule out incompletely latched back and the short wind off feature, which have the opposite effect. Sounds like a film counter mechanism fault, but it might be due to how the film is being loaded.