The issue is that the head is bad enough that I don't dare apply loctite, as I don't think I'll get the screw out again. The previous owners loctite efforts are what made it so hard to remove. It took a lot of acetone and coaxing to loosen it, and not without further damage.
Do you have a repair manual with a parts list? It should give the threading of the screw. Or find a thread gauge set. Use calipers to measure diameter of the rod. I've never seen this part, but it sure sounds like a set screw- http://www.winkfast.com/flat-point-slotted2.html
That site's threading is generally called 'coarse' so it probably won't fit for this use.
If you can't find a Mamiya part or an off-the-shelf replacement, you could make your own from threaded rod or by cutting the head off of a bolt and doing as paul ron says, make your own slot. Or maybe a slotted bolt would fit as long as the head wouldn't bottom out? (again, I don't know the mechanism)