My photography (and my writing) have been mostly influenced by writers who impart a richness and strangeness on the world that runs far deeper than what's literally there.
A good example is a short story called The Adulterous Woman by Albert Camus (found in Exile and the Kingdom) where a woman who is completely stifled by boredom runs out and stands under the night sky in the desert, just giving herself this moment of life as the sky almost comes alive for her. It's almost like it takes place beneath Van Gogh's stars -- they're dynamic.
Other examples for me include the haunting, funny, and strange works by Haruki Murakami (especially A Wild Sheep Chase and The Wind-up Bird Chronicle), Thomas Pynchon (Gravity's Rainbow), Hesse (Steppenwolf), Borges (Babel's Library), and Gabriel Garcia Marquez (One Hundred Years of Solitude).
A different theme that influences me are writers who are able to convey the darkness and intensity of people, and in some cases the unusual connections that people have. Among these are Dostoyevsky (everything he's ever written), Yukio Mishima (especially the Sea of Fertility -- perhaps the greatest thing I've ever read), Mesa Selimovic (Death and the Dervish), and James Joyce (Ulysses).
These influence my photography because I walk out there into the world trying to look through it. I force myself to look past what I can easily see, and think of what I can't see that looms there. It's like I'm looking for myself in a scene, not looking for the scene itself. I'm less concerned with literal truth than I am with a scene's evocative power, and how I can bring that out.
But with few exceptions, I can't say that literature directly and unambiguously guides my hand. It's more accurate to say that it gives me a feeling, a perspective, and a vision that I translate to my own craft.
I can imagine, though, that if I were more of a street photographer, Naguib Mahfouz would make me want to evoke the back alleys in Cairo, or Dostoyevsky would make me want to evoke the squalor in the St. Petersburg Haymarket. But their influence is not so literal on me -- which is what makes them great (and makes me very suggestible).