There are probably many examples of older being bigger and heavier than newer. The Nikkor 200mm f/4 comes to mind. The old pre-AI lens is much larger than the newer AI and AIs variants. Sharpness wise, I dunno, but my vote would be for the newer ones.
I have a couple of old metal-ribbed focusing collar Vivitar 200mm f/3.5 lenses. To get that extra half a stop they had to produce a pretty big lens. Big and heavy. But performance wise, there's no comparison between it and, say, the Canon nFD 200mm f/4 -- these two lenses I have compared and the Canon blows the Vivitar away, especially at wider apertures. For that matter, I suspect that any of the Vivitar S1 70-210 zooms would blow away the old Viv 200/3.5. Some of the old glass has to be admired for what they accomplished -- massively built, etc., but they should stay in retirement, IMO, as mine do.