Light meters. Hand held vs. built-in

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alroldan12

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Hello everyone,

I've been thinking about getting a hand held light meter and I am interested to know what your preferences are when it comes to choosing one over the other. Does it make a difference? Why? Are there any benefits in using spot metering (1-4 degrees) vs. average? I shoot roll film and my camera is a Mamiya 645. So far I've only used normal development.

Thanks!
 

wiltw

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A hand held reflected light meter is not of much greater value than the in-camera meter, as it is limited in the same ways as your camera meter is! There is one situation which a hand held reflected light meter has more value than the in-camera meter...
1. a hand held one-degree SPOT meter can read very small areas of a scene to then tell you how much dynamic range you need to cope with, and to tell you which parts of the scene will fall outside the range of any detail.


A hand held incident light meter is of much greater value than the in-camera meter, becuase it tells you...
1. the amount of light falling onto the scene, which give a reading which is NOT affected by subject reflectivity (bride in white gown vs. black cat in coal mine)
2. the hand held flash meter can read the intensity of studio flash, which an in-camera meter cannot do
3. a quality hand held meter can provide readings in lower light than an in-camera meter can
 
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Well there are a few things bunched in there.

As to preference of light meter, you would have less gear sowed up if you got the metering pentaprism for your M645 (j, 1000s?).

I prefer a hand held myself. And I'll tell you why. When I use it to meter with, instead of an on-camera meter, I am looking at the subject in 3D and I see even more of it than the first cursory glance that I generally give when using roll film cameras. I have an old Weston Master IV, 30 degree with a huge dial that is great for figuring exposure. And people see me holding it and pointing it around and they think I'm sniffing for radioactivity or something.

A spotmeter gets your metering area way down if you cannot duplicate the lighting conditions from where you're standing.

With the M645's I would do nothing but normal processing unless you shoot an ENTIRE roll where you know you'll need differently. Get the exposure right on camera with roll films so that you can do the work you need while printing. Unless you're using individual frames/sheets of film, augmented processing is kinda not worth the extra brain power.

Just my two centavos.
 

tubetime

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Spot meters and the zone system

Although some people might say that using the zone system is a waste of time when shooting roll film, I use my spot meter with my Rolleiflex (which doesn't have a meter) with good results. Using a spot meter will allow you to meter the areas where you want shadow detail or highlight detail, for instance zone II or zone VIII. Then it's up to you to decide the exposure range and what's important in the shot. With practice this can happen very quickly with consistent results.
 
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I'm a Roll Zoner as well. Seldom do I make an exposure without going through the range of EV.
 

2F/2F

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I think the first sort of meter to get is an incident meter. They are more direct, more idiot proof, and give more useful information in your standard photographic situations, IMO.

A reflected meter reads light that is bouncing off of things. An incident meter reads the light levels that are falling on to things. Reflected meters give you an exposure that will make the metered area more or less middle grey on a normal print, no matter what you are metering (light, dark, middle toned areas). Incident meters give you an exposure that will more or less make something that is middle toned at the scene of exposure appear as middle grey on a normal print, and cause all the other tones to fall into place roughly as they appear at the scene.

My suggestion for an incident meter is the $100 Sekonic from Freestyle, or the Sekonic Studio Deluxe, which is about $160 to $180. The latter is so good it has remained virtually unchanged for over 50 years.

If you want to place subjects at certain print tones, or read exact contrast ranges of compositions, instead of just reading a direct exposure, I recommend a spot meter, which is a reflected light meter that reads a very narrow area.

My two meters are an early '50s version of the above-mentioned Sekonic, and a Pentax Digital Spot Meter. I use both together when I have the time, but if I had to have just one, it would be the incident meter.
 
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36cm2

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It might help us to know what you typically photograph. As someone who focuses primarily on landscape photography, I think of a spot meter (particularly the Pentax Digital Spot Meter) as an indispensable tool. I respect 2F/2F's opinion highly, but I think I would lean the other way on this one. A spot meter can always be used to get the reading that an incident meter would give you in a given situation (using a gray card and some calculations), but there are many times (usually due to the distance of the subject or obstacles between you and the subject) that you cannot use an incident meter to give you the readings that a spot meter would give.
 
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alroldan12

alroldan12

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Well, I photograph a number of different subjects, but I've been photographing landscapes lately. I guess my concern is how to take advantage of a spot meter when using roll film. I know you can use extra backs and then use +\- development, I just wanted to keep things as simple as possible. So, I just wanted to know if using a spot meter woud make sense, I suppose I could give it a try and see.
 

36cm2

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Let me know if I'm wrong, but I think you're mixing up a few different questions. One question is, "how do I use my meter and will incident or spot work better for that?" The other question is, "how do I use best use compensating development with roll film?" You'll find many threads that deal with each of these questions if you search prior posts, but maybe this will help a little:

For the first question, I (and probably most B&W zone system users shooting negative film) use a meter initially to assess the entire contrast range of an exposure, then to set exposure to place a particularly shade where I believe it should be, and then to assess where highlights will fall based on that exposure setting. If you're shooting mostly landscapes, I think a spotmeter is more useful in the second and third parts of this process as you don't have to walk out to the subject area (e.g. a cave on the other side of an inconvenient canyon). If you're shooting mostly portraits, then this is not a problem since you only have to walk a few feet.

You asked "how to take advantage of a spot meter when using roll film." Well it's no different than with sheet film. The meter is used to help calculate and set the exposure that will produce the image you have visualized. That exposure will be whatever it is, regardless of what type of meter you're using. You just need to figure out how to use the meter that you have to obtain the specific data you need to calculate that exposure. So your decision on what type of meter to buy should be guided by the process you see yourself using it in.

As to the second question I wrote above (about compensating development), that's probably what you're more interested in dealing with. As you said, shoot two cameras or one camera with two backs (one for high contrast situations and one for low contrast). If you're going to use compensating development I don't believe there is an easier way and I don't think using two backs is that cumbersome. Again, what kind of meter you use doesn't impact this question much, aside from your being able to initially determine the full contrast range of your subject, selecting which back to use and noting how much compensation to use in development.

Sorry for the longwinded answer, but I hope it helps. To sum it up, here's a landscape example. Shooting a frontlit mountain range from the valley in early morning light, I set up my composition and spotmeter the darkest area in the scene where I want detail. I calculate exposure so that the area is Zone 3 or 4, then I spotmeter the highlight areas to see where they fall. If they are over Zone 7 or 8, I use the high contrast back. If they are not over 7 or 8, I use the low contrast back. I then note the exposure settings, the shadow and highlight points and the compensation I intend to develop with (I carry a notebook for this always). Shoot. Develop the roll appropriately (which will be a trade-off based on the range of compensation needed for the shots on the roll and the relative importance of each of those photos).
 
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