For 35, I give the rewind knob a twist, if it turns freely, not loaded, if it stops, loaded.
One 35 has a holder for the box end, but I only occasionally actually use it. Speed is what the meter is set to, and I generally remember if it's B&W or color.
35 is nice in that it's easy enough to note where the counter is and de-load if it's really critical to know what's there or change to something else.
On my favorite 120 camera, the backs have an indicator that shows whether or not it has film, that + the counter tell the tale.
I either remember, or put a piece of tape on the back to indicate what sort of film, but most of the time I try to use the film within the time period that I can remember what's there.
For sheet film, my system is black side out for exposed. I switch the slides around only immediately prior to loading. So one way or another a holder with the slide showing black is not to be used.
As for whether or not there is film inside, most of the time, shaking the holder and listening for the film rattle works well. If there is any doubt, I open in the DR and verify.
Knowledge as to what film is there is pretty simple since I only buy one kind (mostly
).
For the plate holders I obtained recently I found I could tell by the weight. Though that was after I opened the first one in the light and discovered that it had a plate loaded.
The occasional surprises are fun, at least that's what I tell myself.
My major mistake in this sort of stuff was a box of 4x5 I had knocking around, it was completely assembled with the inner lid in the right orientation for protecting film, no indication on the box as to exposed or not, so I assumed it was unexposed, unprocessed.
I needed some film to try out in a baby graphic and this box seemed like a good candidate so I took a few sheets out, cut them down and loaded a couple of holders.
After processing, I had these very odd looking negatives that did not have the images I remembered taking, and they were composed very strangely with the subject running off the edge of the film, and no rebate area showing. I had stored some exposed and processed negatives in the box.