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A scientist rather than a photographer but he is the father of colour imaging demostrating the ability to make a colour image from three primary colours.
see from 24 minutes in to documenatary.
I hadn't realised that colour imaging was happening as early as 1861.
And an interesting side-note: Edwin Land later demonstrated that you could do it with two (although it wasn't 100% accurate color reproduction, but nonetheless...).
Color photography started even earlier (1850's) with the Hillotype though the Colors were not 100 natural and not that strong recent scientific studies of the process(meaning 8 years ago) seem to indicate that Hill did not lie and was indeed able to produce color Daguerreotype. In 1981 Joseph Boudreau was able to reproduce the Hillotype process and was able to get (though muted) Colors that were very close to the subjects coloring.
I'm trying to understand how he became known for something that painters have known for many, many centuries, unless someone is hair splitting between projected images, and images that are painted, printed, etc. Colour is colour, no matter what the medium.
And an interesting side-note: Edwin Land later demonstrated that you could do it with two (although it wasn't 100% accurate color reproduction, but nonetheless...).
Oddly enough his name is James Clerk Maxwell. 1831 - 1879. Einstein, when asked if he stood on the shoulders of Newton, replied "No, I stood on the shoulders of Maxwell." Imagine what Maxwell could have accomplished had he lived longer.... Here's a link: http://www.famousscientists.org/james-clerk-maxwell/