I think most of us believe (even if only implicitly) that the process does in fact matter, even if we disagree about what part of the process is important. This becomes evident when you ask yourself: "do I like photography, or do I simply like nice images?" If you simply like nice images (i.e., the end result of photography), then you should view time spent crafting images as roughly equal to time spent, for instance, exploring stock photo archives for images. In either case, you are unlikely to get exactly what you envisioned, but you can probably get something fairly close. Furthermore, to the extent that learning to craft images and executing that craft is probably much more time consuming, you might prefer to scan archives. If I want a stool (only for the end product), for instance, I would prefer to buy one, since making one would cost more, require more time (including the time to learn to make stools), and likely result in an inferior product. When I make a photograph, I do it because I want to make something, not simply because I want a photograph. For me, the end product is almost incidental. And as far as doughwok's "proof" is concerned, having a photograph doesn't prove you made it anyway. I think most of you agree with me in some sense. Let me give an extreme example. Imagine you have made an image of some amazing landscape or of some incredible human moment. Now imagine that you have made this image under one of the following conditions: 1) You trekked for a week and made this image exhausted, in driving rain, in a moment when you had almost given up on your journey; 2) You bought a simple robot outfitted to take photographs, set it to take pictures at some regular interval, and payed someone to set it in a particular location. The image mentioned above is one of the (unmanipulated) photos generated as a result of this process.
Ask yourself honestly under which of these circumstances you would value the image more. If there is a difference, then the process does matter--whether it's effort spent in a darkroom, or working in photoshop, or climbing mountains to get a shot.