This seems to have devolved into a lens issue when it really started as a film issue or question, it seems to me.
Well, I think it's been successfully argued that cropping MF or LF film down to 24x36mm will give identical results with identical films at identical focal lengths and identical apertures and with mysteriously-identically resolving lenses.
Seeing as the only thing in that sentence that is very hard to keep constant for all the tests is the lens, now it's just developed (!) into fun arguing about which lenses resolve more (per mm² of film)...
The one thing that 35mm lenses have going for them is that they're still being produced, en masse, with lots of R&D money still pouring in.
And lately a lot of pixel-peeping MTF-chart-drooling internet-forum-reading fanboys have been getting wet-dreams over the latest high-resolving lenses.
Cue lenses like the Sigma Art series (which aren't the best but certainly are for the price), some of the latest red-ringed Canons like the 35/1.4L II and 24/1.4L II, and especially the house-mortgaging Zeiss Otus line. Which I might consider buying if I a) win the lottery, b) need to take some stupidly-high resolution shots, and c) defrost my stash of ATP.
I'm sure the Otus lenses could give
almost any MF lens a run for its resolving-money in terms of lines/mm.
But then I'm also sure that the still-produced Fuji/Hassy and Mamiya/PhaseOne MF lenses could beat
almost any 35mm zoom lens and most non-Leica/Zeiss primes too.
Of course all of it is moot to people who don't print over 20x30" (and to some strange people who might *gasp* favour subject and composition over razor-sharpness), just like all digital pixel-peeping discussions these days too. But that won't stop the discussions...