I also enjoy mine a lot. (I've got one in native K-mount and use it on my K-mount cameras, so there are no adapter issues.) I have no other 16mm lenses for comparison, but the photos I take with mine seem as sharp as the photos I take with any other lens, and sharper than some. I've enlarged up to 11x14, although that was actually a digital enlargement from a scan of a slide.
If yours didn't come with anything but the clear filter, you definitely lost something. AFAIK, the Zenitar 16's rear filters aren't used by anything else, so you'll have a hard time finding replacements for those filters, much less anything else -- say if you wanted an 80A filter for shooting indoors in tungsten light. I bought my lens new, and it came with red, green, yellow, and clear filters. The first three of those are intended for B&W photography. If you want more filters, you could check with
RuGift, which sells Russian cameras and lenses.
Kiev USA might also be worth checking. It's conceivable that one of these places could scrounge up a replacement set, or at least point you in the right direction. Beyond that, you might try a specialist filter supplier or try to get a glass shop or machine shop to make something custom for you.