If you look at the camera side of your AR mount lens, there's a small tab sticking out. This tab is spring-loaded, and connects directly to the aperture blades, and has no click stops. If you set the camera to a click stop, then the lens stops down to that value. However, when mounted to the camera, the bayonet mount pushes that lever over to "full open", the maximum aperture the lens supports for focus/composition.
When you release the shutter, if you're in manual mode, the camera closes the lens down to the set value (a click stop), and actuates the shutter.
If you're in AE mode, the camera closes the lens down to the value (well, mechanical distance) indicated by the exposure meter, and cycles the shutter.
Depth-of-field preview, if you have it, stops the lens down to the set value (manual) or measured value (AE).
For more detail, you'll need a service manual.