I develop my own B&W and scan it with a Canoscan 8600F. While I wish I could do my own prints (trying to convince my wife to let me make a darkroom) for the time being I can only scan them.
How does scanning negatives affect grain? Would a negative that yields a grainy print show up smooth as a .jpg or is there no correlation?
How does scanning affect grain? Very complicated issue. Instead of trying to answer the question, and then getting blasted by some opinionated blowhard , let me suggest that you get a copy of the books, Real Work Scanning and Halftones (Blatner,Chavez, Fleishman and Roth), and Real World Image Sharpening with Adobe Photoshop CS2 by Bruce Fraser.
However, in answer to your second question, if there is increased grain from noise or grain aliasing you will see it on the file on screen, and it will print. And it will show up equally well in a .tiff or .jpeg file.
Sandy King