The Distagon has front threads as you mentioned (67mm). However, I figured the hood must work some way with the lens since it has calibration marks for the bellows setting for C lenses including the 50.
Yep.
There are/were 4 lens mounting rings for this shade. Besides the bayonet 50 one that you have, there was one for bayonet 60 lenses, one for bayonet 70 lenses, and indeed one with Series 63 lenses (what is it again? Series VII? I forgot. It's not quite 67 mm metric filter thread, but often close enough.)
So you can use the shade on your C 50 mm lens.
I wonder if Hasselblad made an adapter that is the reverse of the B50, i.e. threads on the lens end and bayonet mount on the front akin to the front of the 80/150/250 lenses. Something like a "67mm to B60" adapter, not the reverse which is easy to find.
Alas, no.
Would be good if they had.
There is a 93 mm thread adapter for the later ProShade 6093 (and the "T" variant), and with step down rings, you could use that shade on thread filter mount lenses.
But that adaopter, of course
, doesn't fit any of the other shades.