Sally Mann's images are often done with a single element lens, a damaged lens, or only part of a regular lens (taking the front or back half off of an old lens and shooting with only half of it there, for instance). She apparently went through a lot to find what worked for her. These are easy to find but not always easy to find a shutter to mount them to!
Another thing is that many cheap cameras for smaller formats used simple lenses with much larger image circles than the format they were intended for, thus using only the sweet spot in the middle and hiding the horrible issues at the edges. you can get the full effect of edge softness, coma, astigmatism, field curvature, etc. by using them on 4x5.
Also, a second trick used with cheap optics to hide flaws was to restrict the max aperture. This means many lenses can be opened up past the designed max aperture for that lens formula, give all sorts of fun effects (including the sought-after but misnamed 'swirly bokeh')
Sounds like you might need an extra shutter, a hot glue gun, and some surplus optics to mess with more than any specific lens. Give you a chance to experiment.
I have lenses you might certainly like I can gladly trade you, but you might be better served with a spare shutter on a separate lensboard so you can monkey about with optical odds and ends until you get what you are looking for.