Ah. Have you tried Opera Mobile Browser? Maybe you'll have some luck with that.
I have Opera in addition to the standard browser that was installed in 2011. Both exhibit the same problem - but they're both at least five years old.
I'm actually stuck: I never upgraded during the transition from Android Market to Google Play. So several years later I discovered I could never upgrade anything (including the browser) because my existing browsers couldn't access Google Play.
I'm actually lucky that even as recently as this morning I could access Photrio and its features as well as anyone else. Obviously I can still post and read the text of posts. But I've noticed over the last year that more and more sites are inaccessible. It's time for me to upgrade - I'm just stubborn in seeing if I could keep this smartphone in use until 2021.