One thing about the Fujica M42 lenses that I've encountered is that they have a small locking tab, that may be the problem. Not having the tab would allow a regular M42 lens to be tightened more than a Fujica lens, which would account for your first image. It would also throw the distance of the lens to film plane distance off, to the point where infinity focus wouldn't be achievable.
First thing I would do is either loosen the lens so that the red line is in the center of the camera (like a normal lens), or put a shim between the lens and body, and see if either of those then allow for infinity focus.
I think I would then make sure all the screws on the mounting flange on the camera) are tight.
If you back off from infinity, does infinity come into focus? ie., move the focus ring off infinity, and see if it will focus on infinity, ignoring what distance the lens is saying. If it never focuses at a distant object (moon is a good candidate), then my guess is the flange is too far off the camera, causing the lens' point of infinity focus to be in front of the film plane.
Another possibility is that it does focus to infinity, but the focusing screen in the prism is out of whack (or even the mirror possibly).
Also, camerapedia says about the ST705 -
Nearly all M42 lenses will work on it, but most (non-Fuji) lenses will not permit open-aperture metering.
I realize metering is not the issue at hand, but it makes me wonder if there are some M42 lenses that have other issues.
I'll go measure that little lip on the back of a Fujica lens, and also snap a pic of it, so you can see it.