Hi,
It might very well be that you can use those numbers to correct the exposure when moving the enlarger head up or down. Additionally,...
...If you look closely and do your math, you will realize that each inner marking is a 1/6th of an f-stop. The VIPONEL is actually a f-stop timer! I used to work with this timer and used it in this way. You do need to observe, though, that most f stop timer have the following relation between "f-stop" and time in seconds:
t = 1*2^f
so that a f-stop number of f=0 correspond to a exposure time of 1 sec
whereas the Viponel instead use the formula
t = 0.5*2^(1/6) * index)
so that a viponel index of index=0 corresponds to a exposure time of 0.5 sec.
An example:
You have made a test-print with an exposure time of 20 sec. This corresponds to a inner markings index of 13. You now wish to increase your exposure by +1/3 of a f-stop, which is the same as +2/6 f-stops and therefore +2 on the inner index scale. So, you should set your dial to 13+2=15, which is rougly 25 sec.