Linos, who own Rodenstock, do sell glasses for vision, and handle special optical coatings. Zeiss also have a similar service. The refractive index, and other properties of glass (for lenses) does have an impact on the performance of the lens. It is generally understood that fewer optical elements in a lens can require a higher degree of assembly precision, while having many optical elements can allow for more corrections or wider tolerance during assembly (this is not always true, but a safe assumption).
So while lens designs could be very straight forward to create, there are issues still with glass selection and manufacturing tolerances. Then you might consider coatings, or other aspects. Simply knowing the construction of a Summicron is quite a way from actually making your own.
Some lenses are known from their performance at different camera to subject distances, or because of their aberrations. An excellent example of this is the old Nikon 105mm f2.5 AIS. That lens does not have a very favorable MTF at infinity, yet at closer distances wide open gives a very nice defocus rendition to backgrounds, and gives n in-focus rendition that many photographers have found to their liking. This lens was largely designed prior to heavy reliance on computers, and was simply an evolution of early designs. That Nikon got it right, and continued to sell this lens for decades, goes beyond what design specifications might indicate . . . in other words, things are seldom as simple as they might seem.
Ciao!
Gordon Moat Photography