Some years ago I burned out a circuit board in my Nikon FG using an older electronic flash.
Yet my FG has worked fine for many years with an old, high voltage Vivitar 285!
Before digital existed, no one gave a second thought about using existing flashes on their cameras old or new. It might be true that a few early digitals were rated only to six volts but all of the manuals I have read for DSLRs from the last five years show the sync. voltage limit to be 250 volts. There is probably a 400 volt rated device in the camera and the manufacturer is giving it a wide margin for error.
Another myth/fact/legend is that Canon cameras can handle high voltage on a PC socket but not on the hotshoe. I think the reasoning behind this is that the actual sync. contact on the hotshoe is rated the same as on the PC connection (and is probably connected directly to it) but there is a worry about sliding a charged flash into the hotshoe and having the centre contact momentarily touch one of the other pins which controls TTL metering, flash ready lights, etc. and some damage being caused through this.
You may draw your own conclusions.
That would be my conclusion.
The reason I think it is largely mythology is because the component necessary to have a protected high voltage sync. circuit costs almost nothing to include in the camera and given the number of flashes already in existence, only a completely incompetent designer would create a low voltage circuit which is incompatible with existing equipment.
I also think it mighht be scaremongering from camera sales and marketing departments to get you to buy new flashes!
Steve.