Maybe automotive trim cement? I'd stick with 3M's products (no pun intended) check auto parts stores that specialize in paint and body supplies. Silicon glue comes to mind too, or perhaps a polyurethane glue like Gorilla glue as a last resort, but only very very sparingly. Polyurethane glues stick really well, but they also foam and expand while curing. Outgassing of any of these might be a worry near sensitive optical surfaces, but these probably aren't any worse than rubber cement in that regard. There's also bicycle tubular tire cement which is basically rubber cement, but on steriods.