The Goerz Aerogor was, as I understand it, made under license from Carl Zeiss. Its design is that of the 75 mm Biogon. They also made the 38 mm version of this lens, in both cases for sale to the U.S. government. As Matt suggests, these were used for aerial reconnaissance. Originally these were not available to the general public. I'd be curious to know what their price was back then.
Goerz wasn't the only company that made these for the government, Pacific Optical was another player.
And one of Harmut Thiele's books shows that Carl Zeiss themselves made some 75 mm Biogons for Fairchild Camera. I think these, like the example shown here, were not mounted in shutters. This was after Zeiss ceased making the shutter mounted version for Linhof.
David