Focal Length
Ok, this is what happened. When I focused on an object at infinity with the 240mm I measured 9.5 inches from the ground glass to the shutter. This agreed nicely with the lens specs. With the front part of the lens removed to convert to a longer focal length (which I assumed to be the correct method for doing this) I measured 13.5 inches from the ground glass to the shutter after focusing on the same image. This came out to 340 mm (give or take a millimeter or two.)
However, the image I see in the ground glass is VERY soft and it took a lot of back and forth to feel confident I had actually focused properly. I focused on a distant tree, maybe 1/4 mile away, and with the 240 on the camera I could distinguish the leaves fluttering in the wind when I used my 8x loupe. With the lens converted to the longer focal length I could not distinguish those same leaves with the loupe. It was just a larger green mass which I knew to be leaves. I could distinguish the individual branches, but not the leaves. I am not sure that this will work out all that well for portraits.
My grandkids just arrived so I am going to try focusing on them at close portrait distances to see if this image improves at all at the much closer distances involved in a head and shoulders portrait. I'll let you know how it turns out.