Buffering systems

A_Caver

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Jan 13, 2011
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I have noticed some formulations of first developers in reversal films use a borax/boric acid buffer system, and others use carbonate/bicarbonate. Is there much difference between these two, especially if the final product is pH balanced with NaOH?
 

Rudeofus

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Aug 13, 2009
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Most buffers only work within a range of useful pH values, and it appears the range of carbonate/bicarbonate is much higher than borax/boric acid, in fact they are barely overlapping. If you go outside the useful range of a given buffer by adding large amounts of alkali or acid, buffering may not be overly effective.
 
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