On the first picture, are we seeing the remains of the old rubber, turned into goo??
Is this a belt, driven by a pulley possibly on the other side of the camera? Or is it just there for proper operation of a friction drive?
From my experience (record players, audio cassette deck) it is sometimes difficult to find a rubber belt of rectangular cross section with the proper dimensions: thickness, width, circumference.
On the other hand, O-rings are specified by only two dimensions: major and minor diameter. It should be possible to find a suitable one. Maybe two or three side by side? Rule of thumb: installed belt should be stretched by 5%. There are several materials for O-rings, some more suitable (elasticity) for use as a belt.