Accidental synthesis of metoquinone?

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Hi all,

Here's a little situation I find a little interesting. I was following a procedure for an old ammonia based MQ developer for autochrome plates. I noticed that quite a lot of precipitate was formed after adding the hydroquinone. Assuming I must have done something wrong, I tried again. And a third time. The third time I added the ingredients in the following order to 400mL of water:

1. 5g Metol (waited until it was fully dissolved)
2. 50g Sodium Sulfite (waiting until it was fully dissolved)
3. 3g KBr (waited until it was fully dissolved).

In a separate 100mL container I added 2.5g Hydroquinone and allowed it to fully dissolve.

After I added the hydroquinone solution to the main one, I initially felt triumphant, as the solution remained clear. However, after about a minute, it grew cloudy and a bunch of precipitate fell out of the solution.

I heated the solution to 55C, and the precipitate dissolved away. It returned once the solution cooled.

Ultimately, it seems like this is somewhat similar to the proper preparation of metoquinone, which can be found here, though they add the sodium sulfite last.

Anyway, I just thought it was kind of funny, since I was thinking about trying to make metoquinone on its own in a few weeks or so. I guess the only reasonable way to confirm would be to wash the crystals and hit it with a melting point test? Thoughts?
 

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Alan Johnson

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LP Clerc, Photography, Theory and Practice, 2nd ed, p245:
".......Metoquinone........colourless crystalline flakes melting at 135 C......very soluble in alcohol......dissolves well in alkaline solutions....etc."
I guess it must have been used by the old timers as it appears to have been commercially available.
 
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LP Clerc, Photography, Theory and Practice, 2nd ed, p245:
".......Metoquinone........colourless crystalline flakes melting at 135 C......very soluble in alcohol......dissolves well in alkaline solutions....etc."
I guess it must have been used by the old timers as it appears to have been commercially available.

Yup, it shows up in a ton of old autochrome developers (which is one of the reasons I wanted to make it). I was following one of the few developer recipes that explicitly use metol/hydroquinone, for those who couldn't get their hands on metoquinone. AFAIK it's completely unavailable commercially these days.
 

Rudeofus

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Is there any benefit to having Metoquinone in a developer, or is it rather a nuisance which prevents formulation of decent MQ developer concentrates?
 

Alan Johnson

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LFA Mason, Photographic Processing Chemistry:
p79 Metoquinone has 2 molecules of metol linked to 1 mol HQ, p119 at pH 10.6 the highest rate of development occurs at ~ 1 mol metol + 3 mols HQ.
So Metoquinone appears well off optimal for speed of development.
 
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I noticed that quite a lot of precipitate was formed after adding the hydroquinone.
...
Thoughts?

Interestingly a Rodinal substitute known as Kalogen (see https://www.flickr.com/photos/peterbcarter/33875791150/in/album-72157644217980207/ for more info on Kalogen) has Metol, Sodium Sulphite, Potassium Bromide, Hydroquinone and Sodium Hydroxide as ingredients and they need to be added in that order. After one starts adding Hydroquinone, a precipitate is formed and it won't go away till Sodium Hydroxide is added. Is this precipitate Metoquinone?
 

Alan Johnson

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Metoquinone seems to have been used as an ingredient in atleast one commercial developer according to the information here:
https://www.photography-forums.com/threads/paterson-acutol.93545/
https://groups.google.com/forum/m/#!topic/rec.photo.darkroom/eKrWoOVGVnk
From his writings in BJP 1960, Crawley favoured metol as a sharpness developer. So using the metol-rich compound metoquinone in his now discontinued Acutol developer would be consistent with its giving the reported high acutance.
 
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From http://gluedideas.com/content-colle...ory-practice/Developing-Solutions-358_P2.html

"Concentrated solutions of sulphite can also precipitate metoquinone when an attempt is made to dissolve metol and hydroquinone simultaneously. This trouble is avoided by adding the major portion of the sulphite after these developers have been dissolved, or by not dissolving the larger part of the sulphite salt until the mixture has been rendered alkaline. The presence of a little alcohol (§ 357) also prevents this precipitation to a certain extent."
 
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This is interesting:

"A metoquinone developer can be regarded merely as a metol developer. Only if alkali is added does the quinol become active. Metoquinone can in all cases be replaced by metol-quinol. Metoquinone without added alkali corresponds to neutralised metol, and alkaline metoquinone to a normal metol-quinol developer."

http://delibra.bg.polsl.pl/Content/3477/P-322_1926_December10_HM.pdf
 
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