I have at least 4 105mm lenses and all appear to have image circles that cover 5x4, I have tried them on a camera (visually - not tested with film) - but the reality is that illumination is not the same as the usable image circle as Dan Fromm and I have discussed in previous threads.
It's highly unlikely the 105mm Trinar will be sharp at the edges with 5x4 or 6x17 even stopped down to f16 or f22, I have a later one (coated) in a Compur but the shutter is broken or I'd test it. Emmet Gowin made a series of
"circular format" images in the 1970's using an Angulon lens that didn't cover the 10x8 format, and you can see the fall off in sharpness. Now an Angulon would be inherently sharper than a Trinar due to its design.
I'd did a quick experiment (in an image editing program) and Emmet Gowin must have used a 90mm Angulon for the circular images, a 120mm Angulon would have a much larger image circle.
Ian