Wow, you're definitely right! That example is amazing, although a bit "romantic" for my taste, the possibilities of photographs on glass seem intriguing.
How could one translate a negative or positive onto glass "automatically", as in autonomously, without the skill of an artist?
What can reduce/destroy glass? Does it have to be hot and with pressure, or can acid etch glass? What makes certain parts of the glass opaque? Can it be continuous tone?
UPDATE:
http://www.glassetchingsecrets.com/
This website has good basic information regarding the different etching methods. The simplest way I can imagine to make a glass etching from a photograph would be to utilize dichromated gelatin on glass. Expose under your transparency, "develop" the gelatin; this would leave gelatin in some places and expose others. Acid etch or sandblast.
Of course, without the use of screens, as you mentioned above, you can't get any continuous rendering of tones. Unless if the sandblast would "eat" through the gelatin at different rates, blasting some parts very coarse and leaving others barely scraped, and then some parts completely unscathed.