My first idea was that the lens causes this problem. The image circle of the lens would the be the limiting factor: large enough for a 8 x 10 enlargement, but too small for a 16 x 20 print. Lens cone is improbable, because that would give problems on the small prints and not on the large ones, because the film-lens distance is larger on the small prints. You can print the 16 x 20 one's even with a flat lens board.
But I use the same lens in the same enlarger with almost the same self constructed film holders, but without a cold light head and i've not encountered this problem, even on 20 x 24 prints with p55n-negatives, printing as much of the edges as i could. So, either we have rodagons with different image circles (i use a fairly new 5.6 one) or the cold light head causes the problem. Or we have overlooked something...
Huub