I use my RB67 140mm Macro as my short telephoto. It serves me well, particularly in my small (???) kit bag - 65mm and 140mm lenses.
I don't know if the optical formulas for the RB and RZ versions are the same. You might be able to glean some idea of the answer by looking at the lens diagrams in the respective RB and RZ lens brochures. It probably doesn't matter, as both lines of lenses are excellent.
I haven't shopped for a new RB lens for a while, and don't have any RZ equipment, so can't comment on current prices.
The RZ interchangeable lens brochure indicates that the RZ 140mm Macro lens has a floating element.
All of the RB and RZ lenses are excellent. You aren't going to be able to differentiate the "sharpness" of the results between 127mm and 140mm lenses except under the situations where the Macro lens excels (close focus work where flat field performance matters)
I don't know that there is an RB or RZ lens that is going to serve as the limiting factor when it comes to enlargement size. Photographic technique, lighting conditions and the resolving power of the film are more likely to be the limiting factors - that and the most important: viewing distance.
There are some practical differences to keep in mind. The 140mm lens are slower than the 127mm and 150mm RB lenses and 127mm (and 110mm!) and 150mm RZ lenses, and are also bigger than those lenses.
While the Macro versions give excellent flat field performance at a variety of focus distances (due to the floating element), they actually require extension tubes to achieve the same higher magnification as an unadorned 65mm (and other moderately short lenses) at the closest distances. The 65mm (and other moderately short lenses) don't offer the same close up performance in the corners.
I'm not sure you can glean much from a scanned and highly re-sized version of a slide, but this one involved RB67 140mm macro: