Curt, I don't have the Busch Pressman, but I do have a couple of Speed Graphics, and the "bed scales" (that's what they are usually called, AFAIK) can be used only for the marked distances - in your case (from what you've written above), the scales can be used from 4 feet to infinity - all provided that you have the appropriate scale for the lens you are using.
Do the the bed scales match your lens? It's easy to determine: just use the ground glass and measuring tape: focus on something 4 feet away (measure with tape) and align the 4 feet mark on the bed scales - if the image on the GG is sharp, it works as it should. Repeat the procedure for other engraved distances and see if the image on the GG is sharp.
One note, though: the lens panel (front standard) has to be racked out all the way to the infinity stops (you should have those, too!). If you don't have the infinity stops, you will have to use a magic marker or something to mark the proper position on the bed rails. If you don't rack the front standard (lens panel) out to the exact position on the rail where the infinity stops are, the bed scales won't work as advertised
Now, if you want to do close-ups, the only method of focusing is to use the ground glass. If you don't like it, maybe you could make your own (paper) bed scales for closer distances - it will take some work, but it's doable. However, I still think that for close-ups, the only way to go is the ground glass.
BTW, you could check out graflex.org site - the principle of Graflex (Speed Graphic, etc.) cameras is the same as for Busch Pressman - i.e. functions of the infinity stops on the bed rail, bed scales, rangefinder focusing, ground glass, etc. are the same - they migh only look a bit different. Once you grasp the concepts of those various "gadgets", you will be able to use your camera to its full potential.
HTH,
Denis