Nylock nuts are approved in most forms of auto racing as an alternative to safety wire. They are steel, stainless, or titanium (probably other materials too) with a nylon ring that grips the threads and prevents the bolt from rotating out. All strength of grip is in the metal portion of the nut. There is also and epoxy compound that you can put on the threads of the bolt and let harden, then when you screw in the bolt is will lock similar to a nylock nut, but it is not as good as a nylock, and I can't remember exactly what to look for to buy it.
Got my Bogen Superclamp last night and noticed that is uses a regular nut to work the clamp, going to need to change that to a nylock also, don't want the clamp to back out from vibration.